Ciprofloxacin targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are crucial for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. By inhibiting these enzymes, ciprofloxacin prevents bacterial cell growth and ultimately leads to bacterial cell death.
Its spectrum of activity is broad, encompassing many gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. Specifically:
- Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella species, and Shigella species are commonly susceptible. However, resistance is a growing concern and should always be considered. Gram-positive bacteria: Ciprofloxacin’s activity against gram-positive bacteria is generally less potent. It is typically effective against Staphylococcus aureus (though methicillin-resistant S. aureus or MRSA often shows resistance), Streptococcus pneumoniae (resistance is increasing), and some other streptococcal species. Always consult current guidelines for susceptibility data.
Note that antibiotic susceptibility varies geographically and over time. Laboratory testing of specific bacterial isolates is recommended to guide treatment decisions. Ciprofloxacin should not be used as a first-line choice for many infections unless other therapies have failed or are contraindicated. Always adhere to prescribed dosage and duration of treatment.
Always follow a doctor’s prescription regarding dosage and duration. Consult updated guidelines on antibiotic susceptibility in your region. Never self-medicate.
