Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the skin. It causes rapid skin cell growth, leading to raised, red, scaly patches. These plaques commonly appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, but can occur anywhere on the body.
Several types exist, including plaque psoriasis (the most common), guttate psoriasis (characterized by small, drop-shaped lesions), inverse psoriasis (affecting skin folds), pustular psoriasis (featuring pus-filled blisters), and erythrodermic psoriasis (covering a large area of the body with intense redness and scaling).
The exact cause remains unknown, but genetics and environmental triggers like stress, infections, and injuries play a role. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, accelerating their growth cycle. This results in the characteristic buildup of skin cells forming the scaly patches.
Symptoms vary in severity and may include itching, burning, pain, and cracking of the skin. Nail changes, such as pitting or discoloration, can also occur. In severe cases, joint pain (psoriatic arthritis) may develop.
| Plaques | Raised, red patches with silvery scales |
| Itching | Significant discomfort, often leading to scratching |
| Burning | A sensation of heat or discomfort in affected areas |
| Pain | Especially common with cracked skin or psoriatic arthritis |
| Nail Changes | Pitting, discoloration, thickening, or separation from the nail bed |
Diagnosis involves a physical examination. No specific blood tests confirm psoriasis, but they may rule out other conditions. Treatment aims to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. Options include topical creams, light therapy, systemic medications, and biologic therapies. The specific treatment plan depends on the severity and type of psoriasis.
